爬取高德地圖poi資料
高德地圖搜尋poi的api介紹 ofollow,noindex" target="_blank">地址
當前想法是爬取目標區域(作者所在小縣城)的所有poi資料,存到資料庫中作為原始資料,然後供其它系統呼叫,因為之前爬取過百度地圖的poi資料,所以這次工作就駕輕就熟了。
1、首先註冊一個高德地圖的開發者賬號,申請一個繫結Web服務的key,然後把剛註冊的開發者賬號認證一下: 申請賬號、key就不贅述了,去 高德地圖開發平臺 很簡單就能完成了,將賬號認證是為了提高每日訪問高德地圖api介面的次數限制和併發請求。
2、根據上方api地址裡面的介紹,總共分為4中搜索: 關鍵字搜尋:通過用POI的關鍵字進行條件搜尋,例如:肯德基、朝陽公園等;同時支援設定POI型別搜尋,例如:銀行 周邊搜尋:在使用者傳入經緯度座標點附近,在設定的範圍內,按照關鍵字或POI型別搜尋; 多邊形搜尋:在多邊形區域內進行搜尋 ID查詢:通過POI ID,查詢某個POI詳情,建議可同輸入提示API配合使用
我的目標是某個區域的所有poi,所以選擇的第三種:多邊形搜尋
3、多邊形搜尋最重要的引數就是polygon-》經緯度座標對,我在 百度地圖座標拾取系統 拾取了我的目標區域的經緯度座標對,如下圖:
3步準備工作到這裡就差不多結束了,在正式開始碼程式碼之前先做個測試吧,用瀏覽器直接訪問介面看看返回的資料(當然,高德的api介面有返回資料說明)
如上圖,這裡比較重要的一個屬性是count,根據api的介紹count是搜尋方案數目(最大值為1000),所以說每次請求都會返回當前所搜所包含的poi個數,而大於1000的poi是沒有辦法獲取到的。那麼我如果想查詢某個區域的全部資料,可以將這個區域再劃分成更小的區域(顯然是個遞迴操作)的集合,然後把這幾個可以查到所有poi的區域的所有poi資料結合起來就是我最終需要的資料。可能口述不明朗,可以見下方草圖:
好,可以開始擼程式碼了:
因為,整個呼叫API的過程都離不開經緯度,所以首先定義一個經緯度描述的類
//矩形塊的經緯度標識, 左上角的經緯度 和右下角的經緯度 class RectangleCoordinate { /** * 矩形左上角經度 */ private double x0; /** * 矩形左上角緯度 */ private double y0; /** * 矩形右下角經度 */ private double x1; /** * 矩形右下角緯度 */ private double y1; public RectangleCoordinate(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) { this.x0 = x0; this.y0 = y0; this.x1 = x1; this.y1 = y1; } /** * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形中心線的緯度 */ public double getAverageY() { return (y0 + y1) / 2; } /** * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形中心線的經度 */ public double getAverageX() { return (x0 + x1) / 2; } public double getX0() { return x0; } public void setX0(double x0) { this.x0 = x0; } public double getY0() { return y0; } public void setY0(double y0) { this.y0 = y0; } public double getX1() { return x1; } public void setX1(double x1) { this.x1 = x1; } public double getY1() { return y1; } public void setY1(double y1) { this.y1 = y1; } [@Override](https://my.oschina.net/u/1162528) public String toString() { return x0 + "," + y0 + "|" + x1 + "," + y1; } }`
然後需要一個呼叫api,獲取返回資料的方法,這個方法引數就是矩形塊,當然還需要一個頁數,即當前方法獲取的是某個矩形區域的第X頁的資料(每頁上線25個poi,預設20個poi)
/** * @return 獲取矩形塊的poi資料 */ private JSONObject getSearchResult(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); String url = getRequestGaodeUrl(coordinate,page); String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class); try { try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return JSONObject.parseObject(result); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); } return null; }
當然,上方已經說過,如果矩形塊返回資料count=1000,就說明當前矩形塊需要分割,我的想法比較簡單,將矩形塊按照上方草圖,在水平中心和垂直分心分割,1個矩形塊就分割成4個小矩形塊了,方法如下:
/** * @return 將矩形4等分成小矩形 然後返回4個 小矩形的經緯度集合 */ private List<RectangleCoordinate> getSplitRectangleList(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) { List<RectangleCoordinate> splitRectangleList = new LinkedList<>(); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getAverageY())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY1())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getY1())); return splitRectangleList; }
目前,可以獲取到矩形區域經緯度對的集合了,也有獲取api資料的方法了,然後就是遍歷頁數獲取資料,自定義操作資料。 當某次分頁請求返回的poi個數小於每頁最大個數的時候就認為當前區域poi已經完全請求到了。
private void startAnaMainGaode(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) throws AnalysisException { //當前爬取的資料的頁數索引 int page_num = 0; //當前爬取內容是否是最後一頁 boolean isLastPage = false; JSONObject searchResult; JSONArray datas = null; logger.info("ready to analysis coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); while (!isLastPage) { logger.info("is going to get data for page_" + page_num); try { searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, page_num); datas = searchResult.getJSONArray("pois"); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); } if (datas != null && datas.size() < 20) { isLastPage = true; logger.info("get result counts is [{}], now page index is [{}]", datas.size(), page_num); } saveIntoDbGaode(datas); page_num++; } } private void saveIntoDbGaode(JSONArray result) { JSONObject resultItem; for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) { resultItem = result.getJSONObject(i); try { results.add(getInsertUnitObject(resultItem)); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("生成資料時異常,e: {}", e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } if (results.size() > BATCHINSERTLIMIT || ISLAST) { logger.info("is ready to batch insert into unit, total count is {}", results.size()); try { dao.batchAddUnitGaode(results); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("更新資料庫異常,e: {}", e.getMessage()); } results = new JSONArray(); } }
到此,基本方法都介紹過了,全部程式碼如下(因為都是簡單方法和邏輯,不明白的留言交流)
//請求入口 public void GaodePoiSearch() { //徐水區 final RectangleCoordinate searchAreaCoordinate = new RectangleCoordinate(115.521773, 39.106335, 115.801182, 38.943988); //保定市 //final RectangleCoordinate searchAreaCoordinate = new RectangleCoordinate(114.332719,39.574064, 116.588688,38.179144); List<RectangleCoordinate> validCoordinate = getValidCoordinate(searchAreaCoordinate); logger.info("get all valid coordinate,size is [{}]", validCoordinate.size()); /** * 獲取到所有的小方塊之後可以做一些處理, 比如儲存到某個地方,以防發生異常,方便後面重新遍歷,我這裡暫未做處理 */ validCoordinate.forEach(coor -> { try { startAnaMainGaode(coor); } catch (AnalysisException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); ISLAST = true; saveIntoDbGaode(new JSONArray()); } /** * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 獲取矩形塊中 符合 呼叫api的 小矩形塊的集合 * 因為高德地圖某個矩形塊只能獲取前1000條,所以要將矩形塊分割成可以獲取到全部資料的矩形塊 * 如果當前矩形塊請求資料返回的count<1000 即為符合條件的,否則將矩形塊4等分 然後遞迴 */ private List<RectangleCoordinate> getValidCoordinate(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) { List<RectangleCoordinate> validCoordinate = new LinkedList<>(); JSONObject searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, 0); if (searchResult.getIntValue("count") >= 1000) { List<RectangleCoordinate> splitRectangleList = getSplitRectangleList(coordinate); splitRectangleList.forEach(coor -> validCoordinate.addAll(getValidCoordinate(coor))); } else { logger.info("add a valid coordinate [{}]", coordinate.toString()); validCoordinate.add(coordinate); } return validCoordinate; } /** * [@return](https://my.oschina.net/u/556800) 將矩形4等分成小矩形 然後返回4個 小矩形的經緯度集合 */ private List<RectangleCoordinate> getSplitRectangleList(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) { List<RectangleCoordinate> splitRectangleList = new LinkedList<>(); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY0(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getAverageY())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getX0(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getY1())); splitRectangleList.add(new RectangleCoordinate(coordinate.getAverageX(), coordinate.getAverageY(), coordinate.getX1(), coordinate.getY1())); return splitRectangleList; } /** * @return 獲取矩形塊的poi資料 */ private JSONObject getSearchResult(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); String url = getRequestGaodeUrl(coordinate,page); String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class); try { try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return JSONObject.parseObject(result); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); } return null; } private void startAnaMainGaode(RectangleCoordinate coordinate) throws AnalysisException { //當前爬取的資料的頁數索引 int page_num = 0; //當前爬取內容是否是最後一頁 boolean isLastPage = false; JSONObject searchResult; JSONArray datas = null; logger.info("ready to analysis coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); while (!isLastPage) { logger.info("is going to get data for page_" + page_num); try { searchResult = getSearchResult(coordinate, page_num); datas = searchResult.getJSONArray("pois"); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("an error occurred when getting response of gaode map data for coordinate:[{}]", coordinate.toString()); } if (datas != null && datas.size() < 20) { isLastPage = true; logger.info("get result counts is [{}], now page index is [{}]", datas.size(), page_num); } saveIntoDbGaode(datas); page_num++; } } private void saveIntoDbGaode(JSONArray result) { JSONObject resultItem; for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) { resultItem = result.getJSONObject(i); try { results.add(getInsertUnitObject(resultItem)); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("生成資料時異常,e: {}", e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } if (results.size() > BATCHINSERTLIMIT || ISLAST) { logger.info("is ready to batch insert into unit, total count is {}", results.size()); try { dao.batchAddUnitGaode(results); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("更新資料庫異常,e: {}", e.getMessage()); } results = new JSONArray(); } } private JSONObject getInsertUnitObject(JSONObject resultItem) { JSONObject unitDataObject = new JSONObject(); unitDataObject.put("uid", resultItem.getString("id")); unitDataObject.put("name", resultItem.getString("name")); unitDataObject.put("type", resultItem.getString("type")); unitDataObject.put("tag", resultItem.getString("type")); unitDataObject.put("address", resultItem.getString("address")); unitDataObject.put("province", resultItem.getString("pname")); unitDataObject.put("city", resultItem.getString("cityname")); unitDataObject.put("area", resultItem.getString("adname")); String tel = resultItem.getString("tel"); if (tel != null && !"[]".equals(tel)) { unitDataObject.put("telephone", tel); } try { JSONArray url = resultItem.getJSONArray("website"); if (url != null && url.size() > 0) { unitDataObject.put("detail_url", url.getString(0)); } } catch (Exception e) { unitDataObject.put("detail_url", resultItem.getString("website")); } JSONArray photos = resultItem.getJSONArray("photos"); if (photos != null && photos.size() > 0) { StringBuilder images = new StringBuilder(); for (int j = 0; j < photos.size(); j++) { images.append(j == 0 ? "" : ";").append(photos.getJSONObject(j).getString("url")); } unitDataObject.put("images", images.toString()); } String entr_location = resultItem.getString("location"); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(entr_location)) { entr_location = resultItem.getString("entr_location"); } if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(entr_location)) { unitDataObject.put("lng", entr_location.split(",")[0]); unitDataObject.put("lat", entr_location.split(",")[1]); } return unitDataObject; } private String getRequestGaodeUrl(RectangleCoordinate coordinate, int page) { return "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/place/polygon?" + "key=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&polygon=" + coordinate.toString() + "&page=" + page + "&types=010000|" + "010100|010101|010102|010103|010104|010105|010107|010108|010109|010110|010111|010112|010200|010300|010400|" + "010401|010500|010600|010700|010800|010900|010901|011000|011100|020000|020100|020101|020102|020103|020104|" + "020105|020106|020200|020201|020202|020203|020300|020301|020400|020401|020402|020403|020404|020405|020406|" + "020407|020408|020600|020601|020602|020700|020701|020702|020703|020800|020900|020904|020905|021000|021001|" + "021002|021003|021004|021100|021200|021201|021202|021203|021300|021301|021400|021401|021500|021501|021600|" + "021601|021602|021700|021701|021702|021800|021802|021803|021804|021900|022000|022100|022200|022300|022301|" + "022400|022500|022501|022502|022600|022700|022800|022900|023000|023100|023200|023300|023301|023400|023500|" + "025000|025100|025200|025300|025400|025500|025600|025700|025800|025900|026000|026100|026200|026300|029900|" + "030000|030100|030200|030201|030202|030203|030204|030205|030206|030300|030301|030302|030303|030400|030401|" + "030500|030501|030502|030503|030504|030505|030506|030507|030508|030700|030701|030702|030800|030801|030802|" + "030803|030900|031000|031004|031005|031100|031101|031102|031103|031104|031200|031300|031301|031302|031303|" + "031400|031401|031500|031501|031600|031601|031700|031701|031702|031800|031801|031802|031900|031902|031903|" + "031904|032000|032100|032200|032300|032400|032401|032500|032600|032601|032602|032700|032800|032900|033000|" + "033100|033200|033300|033400|033401|033500|033600|035000|035100|035200|035300|035400|035500|035600|035700|" + "035800|035900|036000|036100|036200|036300|039900|040000|040100|040101|040200|040201|050000|050100|050101|" + "050102|050103|050104|050105|050106|050107|050108|050109|050110|050111|050112|050113|050114|050115|050116|" + "050117|050118|050119|050120|050121|050122|050123|050200|050201|050202|050203|050204|050205|050206|050207|" + "050208|050209|050210|050211|050212|050213|050214|050215|050216|050217|050300|050301|050302|050303|050304|" + "050305|050306|050307|050308|050309|050310|050311|050400|050500|050501|050502|050503|050504|050600|050700|" + "050800|050900|060000|060100|060101|060102|060103|060200|060201|060202|060300|060301|060302|060303|060304|" + "060305|060306|060307|060308|060400|060401|060402|060403|060404|060405|060406|060407|060408|060409|060411|" + "060413|060414|060415|060500|060501|060502|060600|060601|060602|060603|060604|060605|060606|060700|060701|" + "060702|060703|060704|060705|060706|060800|060900|060901|060902|060903|060904|060905|060906|060907|061000|" + "061001|061100|061101|061102|061103|061104|061200|061201|061202|061203|061204|061205|061206|061207|061208|" + "061209|061210|061211|061212|061213|061214|061300|061301|061302|061400|061401|070000|070100|070200|070201|" + "070202|070203|070300|070301|070302|070303|070304|070305|070306|070400|070401|070500|070501|070600|070601|" + "070603|070604|070605|070606|070607|070608|070609|070610|070700|070701|070702|070703|070704|070705|070706|" + "070800|070900|071000|071100|071200|071300|071400|071500|071600|071700|071800|071801|071900|071901|071902|" + "071903|072000|072001|080000|080100|080101|080102|080103|080104|080105|080106|080107|080108|080109|080110|" + "080111|080112|080113|080114|080115|080116|080117|080118|080119|080200|080201|080202|080300|080301|080302|" + "080303|080304|080305|080306|080307|080308|080400|080401|080402|080500|080501|080502|080503|080504|080505|" + "080600|080601|080602|080603|090000|090100|090101|090102|090200|090201|090202|090203|090204|090205|090206|" + "090207|090208|090209|090210|090211|090300|090400|090500|090600|090601|090602|090700|090701|090702|100000|" + "100100|100101|100102|100103|100104|100105|100200|100201|110000|110100|110101|110102|110103|110104|110105|" + "110106|110200|110201|110202|110203|110204|110205|110206|110207|110208|110209|120000|120100|120200|120201|" + "120202|120203|120300|120301|120302|120303|120304|130000|130100|130101|130102|130103|130104|130105|130106|" + "130107|130200|130201|130202|130300|130400|130401|130402|130403|130404|130405|130406|130407|130408|130409|" + "130500|130501|130502|130503|130504|130505|130506|130600|130601|130602|130603|130604|130605|130606|130700|" + "130701|130702|130703|140000|140100|140101|140102|140200|140201|140300|140400|140500|140600|140700|140800|" + "140900|141000|141100|141101|141102|141103|141104|141105|141200|141201|141202|141203|141204|141205|141206|" + "141207|141300|141400|141500|150000|150100|150101|150102|150104|150105|150106|150107|150200|150201|150202|" + "150203|150204|150205|150206|150207|150208|150209|150210|150300|150301|150302|150303|150304|150400|150500|" + "150501|150600|150700|150701|150702|150703|150800|150900|150903|150904|150905|150906|150907|150908|150909|" + "151000|151100|151200|151300|160000|160100|160101|160102|160103|160104|160105|160106|160107|160108|160109|" + "160110|160111|160112|160113|160114|160115|160117|160118|160119|160120|160121|160122|160123|160124|160125|" + "160126|160127|160128|160129|160130|160131|160132|160133|160134|160135|160136|160137|160138|160139|160140|" + "160141|160142|160143|160144|160145|160146|160147|160148|160149|160150|160151|160152|160200|160300|160301|" + "160302|160303|160304|160305|160306|160307|160308|160309|160310|160311|160312|160314|160315|160316|160317|" + "160318|160319|160320|160321|160322|160323|160324|160325|160326|160327|160328|160329|160330|160331|160332|" + "160333|160334|160335|160336|160337|160338|160339|160340|160341|160342|160343|160344|160345|160346|160347|" + "160348|160349|160400|160401|160402|160403|160404|160405|160406|160407|160408|160500|160501|160600|170000|" + "170100|170200|170201|170202|170203|170204|170205|170206|170207|170208|170209|170300|170400|170401|170402|" + "170403|170404|170405|170406|170407|170408|180000|180100|180101|180102|180103|180104|180200|180201|180202|" + "180203|180300|180301|180302|180400|180500|190000|190100|190101|190102|190103|190104|190105|190106|190107|" + "190108|190109|190200|190201|190202|190203|190204|190205|190300|190301|190302|190303|190304|190305|190306|" + "190307|190308|190309|190310|190311|190400|190401|190402|190403|190500|190600|190700|200000|200100|200200|" + "200300|200301|200302|200303|200304|200400|220000|220100|220101|220102|220103|220104|220105|220106|220107|" + "220200|220201|220202|220203|220204|220205|970000|990000|991000|991001|991400|991401|991500&extensions=all"; } /** * 矩形塊的經緯度標識, 左上角的經緯度 和右下角的經緯度 */ class RectangleCoordinate { /** * 矩形左上角經度 */ private double x0; /** * 矩形左上角緯度 */ private double y0; /** * 矩形右下角經度 */ private double x1; /** * 矩形右下角緯度 */ private double y1; public RectangleCoordinate(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) { this.x0 = x0; this.y0 = y0; this.x1 = x1; this.y1 = y1; } /** * @return 獲取矩形中心線的緯度 */ public double getAverageY() { return (y0 + y1) / 2; } /** * @return 獲取矩形中心線的經度 */ public double getAverageX() { return (x0 + x1) / 2; } public double getX0() { return x0; } public void setX0(double x0) { this.x0 = x0; } public double getY0() { return y0; } public void setY0(double y0) { this.y0 = y0; } public double getX1() { return x1; } public void setX1(double x1) { this.x1 = x1; } public double getY1() { return y1; } public void setY1(double y1) { this.y1 = y1; } @Override public String toString() { return x0 + "," + y0 + "|" + x1 + "," + y1; } }
更新(2018-09-20):
1、時間問題,當前50ms請求一次api介面,跑完小縣城的資料(幾萬條)大概需要十分鐘左右吧,把整個市區主要資料跑完斷斷續續的用了一天吧,最後跑了近27W資料
2、應用問題,原本的想法就是做個簡單的小程式,把跑來的資料加以利用,做個電話本類似的應用,具體可以掃下方小程式碼體驗
本文來自雲棲社群合作伙伴“開源中國”
本文作者:王練