rsync你不知道的那些常見錯誤
title:rsync你不知道的那些錯誤
tags:longzy2018-11-25
這周想寫的東西還沒有完全消化,所以等後面再寫!前段時間的一個專案有用到rsync ,這次總結下關於rsync 的基本用法和一些常見的錯誤!
一,rsync 的工作方式
- Local:rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
Access via remote shell:
- Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
- Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
Access via rsync daemon:
Pull:
- rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
- rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
Push:
- rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
- rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
其中,第一個路徑引數一定是原始檔路徑,即作為同步基準的一方,可以同時指定多個原始檔路徑。最後一個路徑引數則是目標檔案路徑,也就是待同步方。路徑的格式可以是本地路徑,也可以是使用user@host:path或user@host::path的遠端路徑,如果主機和path路徑之間使用單個冒號隔開,表示使用的是遠端shell通訊方式,而使用雙冒號隔開的則表示的是連線rsync daemon。另外,連線rsync daemon時,還提供了URL格式的路徑表述方式ofollow,noindex">rsync://user@host/path 。由於rsync已經嵌入到核心的版本中,所以更詳細的請參考:在linux執行rsync -h命令
二,注意事項
- 使用rsync一定要注意的一點是,源路徑如果是一個目錄的話,帶上尾隨斜線和不帶尾隨斜線是不一樣的,不帶尾隨斜線表示的是整個目錄包括目錄本身,帶上尾隨斜線表示的是目錄中的檔案,不包括目錄本身。
- 如果僅有一個SRC或DEST引數,則將以類似於"ls -l"的方式列出原始檔列表(只有一個路徑引數,總會認為是原始檔),而不是複製檔案。
三,常見錯誤
3.1No route to host
rsync服務端開啟的iptables防火牆
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: No route to host (113) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
關閉rsync服務端的防火牆服務(iptables)
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter[OK] iptables: Flushing firewall rules:[OK] iptables: Unloading modules:[OK] [root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running.
3.2 ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync客戶端執行rsync命令錯誤:
客戶端的錯誤現象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::/backup ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a / rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
rsync命令語法理解錯誤,::/backup是錯誤的語法,應該為::backup(rsync模組)
3.3 @ERROR: auth failed on module backup 或 @ERROR: auth failed on module oldboy
客戶端的錯誤現象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: auth failed on module backup rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
- 密碼真的輸入錯誤,使用者名稱真的錯誤
- secrets file = /etc/rsync.password指定的密碼檔案和實際密碼檔名稱不一致
- /etc/rsync.password檔案許可權不是600
- rsync_backup:123456密碼配置檔案後面注意不要有空格
- rsync客戶端密碼檔案中只輸入密碼資訊即可,不要輸入虛擬認證使用者名稱稱
3.4 @ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
Unknown module 'backup'
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup @ERROR: Unknown module 'backup' rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
1、 /etc/rsyncd.conf配置檔案模組名稱書寫錯誤
2、配置檔案中網段限制不對
3.5Permission denied
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: sending incremental file list hosts rsync: mkstemp ".hosts.5z3AOA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13) sent 196 bytesreceived 27 bytes63.71 bytes/sec total size is 349speedup is 1.57 rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
- 共享目錄的屬主和屬組不正確,不是rsync
- 共享目錄的許可權不正確,不是755
3.6chdir failed
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: chdir failed rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
1. 備份儲存目錄沒有建立
2. 建立的備份儲存目錄和配置檔案定義不一致
[root@backup backup]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory Stopping xinetd:[OK] Starting xinetd: shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory[OK]
說明:如果沒有備份儲存目錄,xinetd服務都不能正確啟動
3.7invalid uid rsync
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: invalid uid rsync rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
異常問題解決:
rsync服務對應rsync虛擬使用者不存在了
3.8 客戶端已經配置了密碼檔案,但免祕鑰登入方式,依舊需要輸入密碼
password file must not be other-accessible
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password password file must not be other-accessible continuing without password file Password: sending incremental file list sent 26 bytesreceived 8 bytes5.23 bytes/sec total size is 349speedup is 10.26
異常問題解決:
rsync客戶端的祕鑰檔案也必須是600許可權
3.9rsync客戶端連線慢問題
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@unknown (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytesreceived 83 bytestotal size 349
正確日誌輸出
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@nfs02 (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytesreceived 83 bytestotal size 349
異常問題解決:
檢視日誌進行分析
3.10 rsync服務沒有正確啟動Connection refused (111)
[root@oldboy-muban ~]#rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: Connection refused (111) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
解決 rsync服務沒開啟
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync --daemon [root@oldboy-muban ~]# ss -lntup |grep rsync tcpLISTEN05:::873:::*users:(("rsync",1434,5)) tcpLISTEN05*:873*:*users:(("rsync",1434,4)) [root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: sending incremental file list hosts sent 196 bytesreceived 27 bytes49.56 bytes/sec total size is 349speedup is 1.57
3.11 port 22: Connection refused
環境:本地伺服器叢集內部傳輸利用遠端ssh 報錯
利用(telnet 172.16.1.31 22) 排查服務監聽狀態後採取的解決方法
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync /etc/hosts 172.16.1.31:/tmp ssh: connect to host 172.16.1.31 port 22: Connection refused rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600) [sender=3.0.6]
排錯思路:
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ping 172.16.1.31 PING 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.628 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.393 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.06 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.745 ms [root@oldboy-muban ~]# traceroute 172.16.1.31 traceroute to 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1nfs01 (172.16.1.31)0.597 ms0.189 ms0.965 ms /etc/init.d/iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running. [root@backup ~]# [root@backup ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 22 p00 10.0.0.31:220.0.0.0:*LISTEN1187/sshd
故障原因:無法連線
解決方法:
[root@oldboy-backup-41]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config #Port 22 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 10.0.0.31 改為 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress ::
總結:內網傳輸通過SSH pro 22 表明22埠連結不上
3.12 --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
沒有正確輸入password檔名
報錯:--passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
錯誤案例本地rsync.password 檔案要保持一致缺少字母都會報錯
echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.passwd [root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd [root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.passwd -rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar9 13:47 /etc/rsync.passwd [root@nfs01 ~]# rsync-az -P /root/ [email protected]::backup --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd rsync: --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1422) [client=3.0.6]
正確做法:
[root@nfs01 ~]# echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.password [root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password [root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password -rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar9 13:49 /etc/rsync.password rsync-az -P /server/files/[email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list secure-20161219 51053780 100%14.31MB/s0:00:03 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1) rsync: mkstemp ".secure-20161219.lcnuWA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13) sent 2210982 bytesreceived 27 bytes491335.33 bytes/sec total size is 51053780speedup is 23.09 rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6] [root@backup ~]# ls /backup/ 100.logcc.txtoptimize-init_sys.sh anaconda-ks.cfg
1)可能是服務沒有開啟
2)iptables SELinux
3)本次遇見sshd傳輸受限 限制了傳輸的ip(安全)
總結:
當然還有很多錯誤沒有遇到,這裡只是工作中寫出經常碰到的!
四,排錯思路
4.1 Rsync服務端排錯思路
- 檢視rsync服務配置檔案路徑是否正確 /etc/rsyncd.conf
- 檢視配置檔案例的host allow,host deny,允許的ip網段是否是允許客戶端訪問的ip網段
- 檢視配置檔案中path引數裡的路徑是否存在,許可權是否正確(正常應為配置檔案中的UUID引數對應的屬主和組)
- 檢視rsync服務是否啟動,埠是否存在 ps -efnetstat -lntup
- 檢視iptables防火牆和SELinux是否開啟允許rsync服務通過,也可以關閉
- 檢視服務端rsync配置檔案裡的密碼許可權是否為600 密碼檔案格式是否正確,正確格式(使用者名稱:密碼)檔案路徑和配置檔案裡的secrect files 引數對應
- 如果是推送資料,要檢視,配置rsyncd.conf 檔案中使用者是否對模組下目錄有可讀的許可權
4.2 客戶端排錯思路
- 檢視客戶端rsync配置的密碼檔案是否為600的許可權,密碼檔案格式是否正確,注意:僅需要有密碼,並且和服務端的密碼一致
- 用telnet連結rsync伺服器ip地址873埠,檢視服務是否啟動(可測試服務端防火牆是否阻擋telnet10.0.0.100 873)
- 客戶端執行命令是 rsync -avzP [email protected]::backup/test/test/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
- 此命令要記清楚尤其10.0.0.100::backup/test/處的雙引號及隨後的backup為模組名稱