以太坊開發(二十八)在Windows伺服器上使用Geth同步以太坊主網區塊

摘要： 1.前言 使用Geth同步以太坊主網區塊的文章已經很多了，這篇文章不會講的太詳細了。 我們將在Windows Server 2012 R2安裝Geth，啟動節點同步區塊，並且使用JSON RPC方式檢視節點和同步情況。 2. 安裝Geth 2.1 安裝Go 首先需要...

1.前言

使用Geth同步以太坊主網區塊的文章已經很多了，這篇文章不會講的太詳細了。

我們將在Windows Server 2012 R2安裝Geth，啟動節點同步區塊，並且使用JSON RPC方式檢視節點和同步情況。

2. 安裝Geth

2.1 安裝Go

首先需要安裝Go語言環境。下載地址：ofollow,noindex">https://golang.org/dl/ 。

下載windows 版本然後安裝，我在D 盤根目錄下新建了一個資料夾go ，然後指定安裝在此資料夾中。系統會預設設定好環境變數。

檢查是否成功安裝：

PS C:\Users\Administrator> go version
go version go1.11 windows/amd64

2.2 安裝Geth

下載地址：https://geth.ethereum.org/downloads/ 。下載windows 版本的Geth然後安裝，我在D 盤根目錄下新建了一個資料夾geth ，然後指定安裝在此資料夾中。

檢查是否成功安裝：

PS C:\Users\Administrator> geth version
Geth
Version: 1.8.17-stable
Git Commit: 8bbe72075e4e16442c4e28d999edee12e294329e
Architecture: amd64
Protocol Versions: [63 62]
Network Id: 1
Go Version: go1.11.1
Operating System: windows
GOPATH=C:\Users\Administrator\go
GOROOT=D:\go\

3. 啟動Geth

安裝完成後，在D 盤的geth 資料夾中有一個geth.exe 程式。如果直接雙擊，那麼geth會直接啟動並開始同步區塊，並且會將區塊資料儲存在C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Ethereum\geth\chaindata 中。區塊資料很大，會佔用系統盤，所以我們需要手動輸入指令啟動Geth，並指定區塊資料的儲存位置。

PS D:\geth> geth --identity "mainnet etherum" --datadir "./chain" --rpc --rpcapi "admin,web3,eth,personal,miner,net" --rpcadd
r 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 --cache=1024console

引數解釋：

• --identity "mainnet etherum" 給節點起名

• --datadir "./chain" 將區塊資料和keystore 檔案儲存在當前路徑的chain 檔案下

• --rpc 開啟RPC服務

• --rpcapi "admin,web3,eth,personal,miner,net" 註明要開啟哪些RPC服務

• --rpcadd r 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8545 指定RPC服務的IP和埠

• --cache=1024 分配給Geth的記憶體，理論上越大同步速度越快，根據自己的配置來

• console 開啟控制檯

如果一切正常，不出一會，命令列將顯示類似下面的輸出，表示正在同步區塊：

INFO [10-18|12:18:42.057] Imported new block headerscount=0 elapsed=142.004ms number=6296034 hash=0894db…
442bf0 age=1mo1w2dignored=192
INFO [10-18|12:18:42.426] Imported new block headerscount=0 elapsed=17.999msnumber=6296226 hash=49de5c…
9fa22f age=1mo1w2dignored=192
INFO [10-18|12:18:42.730] Imported new block headerscount=0 elapsed=31.249msnumber=6296418 hash=5025a3…
5a063f age=1mo1w2dignored=192
INFO [10-18|12:18:43.070] Imported new block receiptscount=2 elapsed=514.800ms number=6295844 hash=2b2caa…
80d5f8 age=1mo1w2dsize=271.18kB
INFO [10-18|12:18:43.214] Imported new block receiptscount=8 elapsed=30.999msnumber=6295852 hash=80df4d…
b6c7ee age=1mo1w2dsize=685.60kB
INFO [10-18|12:18:43.591] Imported new block headerscount=0 elapsed=28.001msnumber=6296610 hash=b704f8…
5f6dd8 age=1mo1w2dignored=192
INFO [10-18|12:18:43.974] Imported new block receiptscount=46 elapsed=208.011ms number=6295898 hash=c952be
…098c9a age=1mo1w2dsize=3.51mB
INFO [10-18|12:18:44.163] Imported new block headerscount=0elapsed=250.013ms number=6296802 hash=42eea2
…2bc9c2 age=1mo1w2dignored=192
INFO [10-18|12:18:44.690] Imported new block receiptscount=6elapsed=15.000msnumber=6295904 hash=44c418
…cc1c93 age=1mo1w2dsize=388.41kB
INFO [10-18|12:18:45.058] Imported new block receiptscount=46 elapsed=172.009ms number=6295950 hash=76f6c7
…7c0269 age=1mo1w2dsize=4.00mB
INFO [10-18|12:18:44.870] Imported new block headerscount=0elapsed=30.000msnumber=6296994 hash=ecc2e9
…77e65b age=1mo1w2dignored=192

4. 新增節點

可能由於網路原因，啟動後會遲遲連線不上其他節點，導致無法同步區塊。可以新增星火節點。有兩種方式可以新增節點。

• https://ethfans.org/wikis/ 中找到星火節點計劃超級節點列表 的頁面，下載static-nodes.json ，儲存在D:\geth\chain 中。如果已經啟動了Geth，需要重啟下

• 在Geth命令列中輸入指令admin.addPeer(節點資訊) ，或者呼叫API請求(後面會講到)。返回true 表示新增成功

不過不管是上面哪種方式新增的節點，最終都沒有連線上。一般能連上1-4個節點。不過經過檢視，都不是匯入的節點。有人說在Linux上就可以，windows不行，這個有待驗證

5. 通過RPC API檢視節點和同步狀態

5.1web3_clientVersion 獲取當前客戶端版本資訊

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
web3_clientVersion

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"web3_clientVersion","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": "Geth/mainnet etherum/v1.8.17-stable-8bbe7207/windows-amd64/go1.11.1"
}

result：當前客戶端版本資訊

5.2web3_clientVersion 獲取同步狀態

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
eth_syncing

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_syncing","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": {
"currentBlock": "0x566683",
"highestBlock": "0x63a229",
"knownStates": "0x6c4ea8",
"pulledStates": "0x6c3fc9",
"startingBlock": "0x2f3add"
}
}

currentBlock：已同步區塊號十六進位制
highestBlock：最新區塊號十六進位制

5.3net_peerCount 獲取當前連線節點數

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
net_peerCount

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"net_peerCount","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": "0x4"
}

result：當前已連線節點數

5.4net_version 獲取當前已連線網路的ID

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
net_version

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"net_version","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": "1"
}

result：當前已連線網路的ID。1為主網ID。

5.5net_version 獲取本地節點資訊

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
admin_nodeInfo

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"admin_nodeInfo","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": {
"id": "64984e1c278b77993da1b08207837ba11d670c7e6d93aa6055890a94b62df5er",
"name": "Geth/mainnet etherum/v1.8.17-stable-8bbe7207/windows-amd64/go1.11.1",
"enode": "enode://d5529482408109611a2b9816d18cd39645b6361ecc69ed6cb84193bf87a2b4911e3cb78dc2968eac714007c9160835d096eab8f5c5ba238e6116b4bc365f09a2@181.223.111.118:30303",
"ip": "183.222.121.113",
"ports": {
"discovery": 30303,
"listener": 30303
},
"listenAddr": "[::]:30303",
"protocols": {
"eth": {
"network": 1,
"difficulty": 17179869184,
"genesis": "0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3",
"config": {
"chainId": 1,
"homesteadBlock": 1150000,
"daoForkBlock": 1920000,
"daoForkSupport": true,
"eip150Block": 2463000,
"eip150Hash": "0x2086799aeebeae135c246c65021c82b4e15a2c451340993aacfd2751886514f0",
"eip155Block": 2675000,
"eip158Block": 2675000,
"byzantiumBlock": 4370000,
"ethash": {}
},
"head": "0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3"
}
}
}
}

result：當前已連線網路的ID。1為主網ID。

5.6admin_peers 獲取已連線節點資訊

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
admin_peers

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"admin_peers","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": [
{
"enode": "enode://8a5f77665507bf6991537f08f0cac248a9a0edf2c7276920ee781741947039e1ff4223a188f5643d077353865d30fb8da4bf94606122edb4ed9ba9e0037d9cd1@200.108.64.94:30303",
"id": "2eacb087ef9fea6d7945df6f6aedd608403c25fa725ac040d8f572f2e04e825c",
"name": "Geth/v1.8.16-stable-477eb093/linux-amd64/go1.10",
"caps": [
"eth/62",
"eth/63"
],
"network": {
"localAddress": "10.0.1.110:59556",
"remoteAddress": "200.108.64.94:30303",
"inbound": false,
"trusted": false,
"static": false
},
"protocols": {
"eth": {
"version": 63,
"difficulty": 102970212347,
"head": "0xf37c632d361e0a93f08ba29b1a2c708d9caa3ee19d1ee8d2a02612bffe49f0a9"
}
}
},
{
"enode": "enode://33c163eb46d4105606e275b2b867a49b6538e3681cf95b9990e7459293d4daa128bcb8f6fd0463b7fcacab55f36e987a06401d2999553eed93900ad640d818d0@124.248.48.105:35555",
"id": "64a4f1ca60aa7fd9b94a488501eb8cd19617c850a5946489ae16a05ea0017897",
"name": "Geth/v1.8.14-unstable-46d47215/linux-amd64/go1.9.4",
"caps": [
"eth/63"
],
"network": {
"localAddress": "10.0.1.110:59807",
"remoteAddress": "124.248.48.105:35555",
"inbound": false,
"trusted": false,
"static": false
},
"protocols": {
"eth": {
"version": 63,
"difficulty": 7.252307770791149416925e+21,
"head": "0xeb2182027c770464bcf9294ce6fc6c89f463fc527093215b3657f8ad8ad34159"
}
}
},
{
"enode": "enode://f6bc8c6c8bd6509b0e420222d318b561e84ec4585c9fc1e9a703d120f57e7502da3d940cb0044e1429db8898d75d49d22d69abe5aafb2b11043d8b55dd41ed61@34.239.162.121:30303",
"id": "80d75f668d9202865a5eef26c052161e9dec539d63b5901844bf2ae6aaeb2f25",
"name": "Geth/v1.8.15-omnibus-255989da/linux-amd64/go1.10.1",
"caps": [
"eth/62",
"eth/63"
],
"network": {
"localAddress": "10.0.1.110:59181",
"remoteAddress": "34.239.162.121:30303",
"inbound": false,
"trusted": false,
"static": false
},
"protocols": {
"eth": {
"version": 63,
"difficulty": 7.252333281014280363969e+21,
"head": "0x517d365fc194212befd49b050c0438a522498e7c6a594a37612155f5e30ee3e2"
}
}
},
{
"enode": "enode://bcdce0388737748e94758373b3f1316b320d7846c663ac8cc413aca0e2b3072db8b4cc91543261f29e9f6be479df2caf4d01e2c528aa4615d79caaddd256cffe@47.100.213.201:30303",
"id": "80fc3de11cfb64fd3e1f3fd811ec50edf4efc278658175c8cd3895d354600c1b",
"name": "Geth/v1.8.13-unstable-526abe27/linux-amd64/go1.10.3",
"caps": [
"eth/62",
"eth/63"
],
"network": {
"localAddress": "10.0.1.110:59173",
"remoteAddress": "47.100.213.201:30303",
"inbound": false,
"trusted": false,
"static": false
},
"protocols": {
"eth": {
"version": 63,
"difficulty": 7.252253534510701838913e+21,
"head": "0x17af0a63587777f7cc9d3053a3433d7135cad21f65f0ef0132e073efed686d17"
}
}
}
]
}

result：已連線節點資訊

5.7admin_datadir 獲取區塊資料的儲存路徑

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
admin_datadir

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"admin_datadir","params":[],"id":1}

returns:
 {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": "D:\\geth\\chain"
}

result：區塊資料儲存路徑

5.8admin_addPeer 新增連線節點

post
http://0.0.0.0:8545

method:
admin_addPeer

params:
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"admin_addPeer","params":["enode://6427b7e7446bb05f22fe7ce9ea175ec05858953d75a5a6e4f99a6aec0779a8bd6276f1959a42fe5948acbe14bcd0652082dc546d3b37ae8f2aea41eba4eca43b@121.202.15.182:30303"],"id":1}

returns:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": true
}

result：true表示新增成功