GO語言學習筆記（一）Go語言的初步瞭解

摘要： 一·、Go語言的官方網站 https://golang.org/dl/ 二、安裝Go語言 Linux版本： tar zxf go1.11.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz mv go /usr/local/ 三、設定GO...

一·、Go語言的官方網站

https://golang.org/dl/

二、安裝Go語言

Linux版本：

tar zxf go1.11.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv go /usr/local/

三、設定GOPATH和GOROOT環境變數

vim /etc/profile

增加這三行：

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH
export GOPATH=$GOROOT/gocode

使其生效：source /etc/profile

四、驗證

執行：go version

go version go1.11.4 linux/amd64

五、Go環境變數介紹

執行：go env

GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/root/.cache/go-build"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/usr/local/go/gocode/"
GOPROXY=""
GORACE=""
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
CC="gcc"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD=""386、
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build119196690=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches"

GOROOT="/usr/local/go"//表示Go在伺服器上安裝位置

GOPATH="/usr/local/go/gocode/"//表示Go語言的工作目錄

GOARCH="amd64"//表示機器的處理器架構，值可以是：386、amd64、arm

GOOS="linux"//表示當前機器的作業系統，值可以是：darwin、freebsd、linux、windows（其中darwin就是mac系統）

GOBIN=""//表示編譯器和連結器的安裝位置，預設位置是 $GOROOT/bin，一般情況下你可以將它的值設定為空，Go 將會使用前面提到的預設值

六、Go語言原始碼路徑說明

[root@Go ~]# ls -l /usr/local/go
total 180
drwxr-xr-x2 root root258 Dec 15 07:36 api
-rw-r--r--1 root root 55284 Dec 15 07:36 AUTHORS
drwxr-xr-x2 root root42 Dec 15 07:48 bin
-rw-r--r--1 root root1339 Dec 15 07:36 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r--1 root root 71070 Dec 15 07:36 CONTRIBUTORS
drwxr-xr-x8 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 doc
-rw-r--r--1 root root5686 Dec 15 07:36 favicon.ico
drwxr-xr-x2 root root6 Jan 23 15:30 gocode
drwxr-xr-x3 root root18 Dec 15 07:36 lib
-rw-r--r--1 root root1479 Dec 15 07:36 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root202 Dec 15 07:48 misc
-rw-r--r--1 root root1303 Dec 15 07:36 PATENTS
drwxr-xr-x9 root root199 Dec 15 07:48 pkg
-rw-r--r--1 root root1607 Dec 15 07:36 README.md
-rw-r--r--1 root root26 Dec 15 07:36 robots.txt
drwxr-xr-x 46 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 src
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root8192 Dec 15 07:48 test
-rw-r--r--1 root root8 Dec 15 07:36 VERSION

1）bin目錄

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13057654 Dec 15 07:38 go
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16006569 Dec 15 07:48 godoc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root3373518 Dec 15 07:38 gofmt

包含可執行檔案，如：編輯器、Go工具

2）doc目錄

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root85 Dec 15 07:36 articles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root33541 Dec 15 07:36 asm.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root3006 Dec 15 07:36 cmd.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root16933 Dec 15 07:36 code.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root202 Dec 15 07:46 codewalk
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root8701 Dec 15 07:36 conduct.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root4586 Dec 15 07:36 contrib.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root36834 Dec 15 07:36 contribute.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root16577 Dec 15 07:36 debugging_with_gdb.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root65 Dec 15 07:36 devel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root17573 Dec 15 07:36 diagnostics.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root8865 Dec 15 07:36 docs.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root1405 Dec 15 07:36 editors.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 116452 Dec 15 07:36 effective_go.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root4319 Dec 15 07:36 gccgo_contribute.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root17052 Dec 15 07:36 gccgo_install.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root59265 Dec 15 07:36 go1.10.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root36305 Dec 15 07:36 go1.11.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root40411 Dec 15 07:36 go1.1.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root35000 Dec 15 07:36 go1.2.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root23115 Dec 15 07:36 go1.3.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root33535 Dec 15 07:36 go1.4.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root47800 Dec 15 07:36 go1.5.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root37592 Dec 15 07:36 go1.6.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root43702 Dec 15 07:36 go1.7.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root59014 Dec 15 07:36 go1.8.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root37538 Dec 15 07:36 go1.9.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root7216 Dec 15 07:36 go1compat.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root71461 Dec 15 07:36 go1.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root89479 Dec 15 07:36 go_faq.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root8843 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-black.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root9360 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-blue.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root21469 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-white.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root13497 Dec 15 07:36 go_mem.html
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 gopher
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204825 Dec 15 07:36 go_spec.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root3128 Dec 15 07:36 help.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root34 Dec 15 07:36 ie.css
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root9159 Dec 15 07:36 install.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root19777 Dec 15 07:36 install-source.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root131 Dec 15 07:36 play
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 progs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root4520 Dec 15 07:36 root.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root8411 Dec 15 07:36 security.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root2993 Dec 15 07:36 share.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root360 Dec 15 07:36 tos.html

包含示例程式、程式碼工具、本地文件等

3）lib目錄

[root@Go go]# ls -l lib/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 59 Jan 24 17:33 time
[root@Go go]# ls -l lib/time/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root378 Dec 15 07:36 README
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root1367 Dec 15 07:36 update.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 365101 Dec 15 07:36 zoneinfo.zip

包含文件模板

4）misc目錄

drwxr-xr-x2 root root64 Dec 15 07:36 android
drwxr-xr-x2 root root15 Dec 15 07:36 arm
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root110 Dec 15 07:36 benchcmp
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 cgo
drwxr-xr-x3 root root24 Dec 15 07:36 chrome
-rw-r--r--1 root root159 Dec 15 07:36 editors
drwxr-xr-x2 root root24 Dec 15 07:36 git
drwxr-xr-x2 root root86 Dec 15 07:36 ios
drwxr-xr-x2 root root26 Dec 15 07:36 linkcheck
drwxr-xr-x3 root root150 Dec 15 07:36 nacl
drwxr-xr-x2 root root23 Dec 15 07:36 sortac
drwxr-xr-x4 root root35 Dec 15 07:36 swig
drwxr-xr-x7 root root79 Dec 15 07:48 tour
drwxr-xr-x2 root root53 Dec 15 07:36 trace
drwxr-xr-x2 root root71 Dec 15 07:36 wasm

包含與支援Go編輯器有關的配置檔案以及cgo的示例

5）src目錄

-rwxr-xr-x1 root root407 Dec 15 07:36 all.bash
-rw-r--r--1 root root726 Dec 15 07:36 all.bat
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root385 Dec 15 07:36 all.rc
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root2622 Dec 15 07:36 androidtest.bash
drwxr-xr-x4 root root28 Dec 15 07:36 archive
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root3738 Dec 15 07:36 bootstrap.bash
drwxr-xr-x2 root root123 Dec 15 07:36 bufio
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root1818 Dec 15 07:36 buildall.bash
drwxr-xr-x2 root root24 Dec 15 07:36 builtin
drwxr-xr-x2 root root234 Dec 15 07:36 bytes
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root521 Dec 15 07:36 clean.bash
-rw-r--r--1 root root565 Dec 15 07:36 clean.bat
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root380 Dec 15 07:36 clean.rc
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root289 Dec 15 07:36 cmd
-rw-r--r--1 root root1519 Dec 15 07:36 cmp.bash
drwxr-xr-x8 root root83 Dec 15 07:36 compress
drwxr-xr-x5 root root42 Dec 15 07:36 container
drwxr-xr-x2 root root131 Dec 15 07:36 context
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root275 Dec 15 07:36 crypto
drwxr-xr-x3 root root17 Dec 15 07:36 database
drwxr-xr-x8 root root82 Dec 15 07:36 debug
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root161 Dec 15 07:36 encoding
drwxr-xr-x2 root root68 Dec 15 07:36 errors
drwxr-xr-x2 root root45 Dec 15 07:36 expvar
drwxr-xr-x2 root root115 Dec 15 07:36 flag
drwxr-xr-x2 root root176 Dec 15 07:36 fmt
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root173 Dec 15 07:36 go
drwxr-xr-x6 root root201 Dec 15 07:36 hash
drwxr-xr-x3 root root151 Dec 15 07:36 html
drwxr-xr-x9 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 image
drwxr-xr-x3 root root33 Dec 15 07:36 index
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root194 Dec 15 07:36 internal
drwxr-xr-x3 root root146 Dec 15 07:36 io
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root2116 Dec 15 07:36 iostest.bash
drwxr-xr-x3 root root76 Dec 15 07:36 log
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root6339 Dec 15 07:36 make.bash
-rw-r--r--1 root root3946 Dec 15 07:36 make.bat
-rw-r--r--1 root root553 Dec 15 07:36 Make.dist
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root3136 Dec 15 07:36 make.rc
drwxr-xr-x6 root root8192 Dec 15 07:36 math
drwxr-xr-x5 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 mime
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root1255 Dec 15 07:36 naclmake.bash
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root1216 Dec 15 07:36 nacltest.bash
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root8192 Dec 15 07:36 net
drwxr-xr-x5 root root4096 Dec 15 07:39 os
drwxr-xr-x3 root root117 Dec 15 07:36 path
drwxr-xr-x2 root root70 Dec 15 07:36 plugin
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root976 Dec 15 07:36 race.bash
-rw-r--r--1 root root1037 Dec 15 07:36 race.bat
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 reflect
drwxr-xr-x4 root root232 Dec 15 07:36 regexp
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root1681 Dec 15 07:36 run.bash
-rw-r--r--1 root root1147 Dec 15 07:36 run.bat
-rwxr-xr-x1 root root418 Dec 15 07:36 run.rc
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 16384 Dec 15 07:36 runtime
drwxr-xr-x2 root root334 Dec 15 07:36 sort
drwxr-xr-x3 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 strconv
drwxr-xr-x2 root root333 Dec 15 07:36 strings
drwxr-xr-x3 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 sync
drwxr-xr-x3 root root 12288 Dec 15 07:36 syscall
drwxr-xr-x5 root root335 Dec 15 07:36 testing
drwxr-xr-x5 root root54 Dec 15 07:36 text
drwxr-xr-x2 root root4096 Dec 15 07:36 time
drwxr-xr-x4 root root252 Dec 15 07:36 unicode
drwxr-xr-x2 root root23 Dec 15 07:36 unsafe
drwxr-xr-x3 root root24 Dec 15 07:36 vendor

包含原始碼構建指令碼和標準庫的包的完整原始碼

6）src/cmd目錄

drwxr-xr-x2 root root46 Dec 15 07:36 addr2line
drwxr-xr-x3 root root73 Dec 15 07:36 api
drwxr-xr-x3 root root51 Dec 15 07:36 asm
drwxr-xr-x2 root root38 Dec 15 07:36 buildid
drwxr-xr-x2 root root130 Dec 15 07:36 cgo
drwxr-xr-x3 root root87 Dec 15 07:36 compile
drwxr-xr-x3 root root121 Dec 15 07:41 cover
drwxr-xr-x2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:38 dist
drwxr-xr-x3 root root85 Dec 15 07:36 doc
drwxr-xr-x2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 fix
drwxr-xr-x4 root root258 Dec 15 07:43 go
drwxr-xr-x3 root root149 Dec 15 07:36 gofmt
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root178 Dec 15 07:36 internal
drwxr-xr-x3 root root115 Dec 15 07:36 link
drwxr-xr-x2 root root73 Dec 15 07:36 nm
drwxr-xr-x3 root root60 Dec 15 07:36 objdump
drwxr-xr-x2 root root55 Dec 15 07:36 pack
drwxr-xr-x2 root root71 Dec 15 07:36 pprof
drwxr-xr-x2 root root21 Dec 15 07:36 test2json
drwxr-xr-x2 root root184 Dec 15 07:36 trace
drwxr-xr-x4 root root95 Dec 15 07:36 vendor
drwxr-xr-x5 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:41 vet

包含Go和C的編輯器和命令列指令碼