python+scrapy 爬取西刺代理ip(一)（ubuntu環境下） -賴大大 -部落格園
摘要：
第一步：環境搭建
1.python2 或 python3
2.用pip安裝下載scrapy框架
具體就自行百度了，主要內容不是在這。
第二步：建立scrapy（簡單介紹）
1.Creating a project（建立專案）
scrapy start...
第一步：環境搭建
1.python2 或 python3
2.用pip安裝下載scrapy框架
具體就自行百度了，主要內容不是在這。
第二步：建立scrapy（簡單介紹）
1.Creating a project（建立專案）
scrapy startproject 專案名稱
2.Defining our item（定義我們的專案）
3.writing a spider（寫spider）
scrapy genspider (spider的名稱）（爬取的網頁）
4.writing & Configure an item Pipeline（編寫和配置專案管道）
5.Execute crawl（執行爬蟲）
scrapy crawl (spider的名稱）
第三步：具體實現
1.建立專案
進入scrapy專案的工作區間(xici專案名)
scrapy startproject xici
此時專案結構是這樣
2.建立spider爬蟲
進入專案建立(注意後面的不是具體地址，是域名)
scrapy genspider xicidaili 'xicidaili.com'
此時，你會發現在spiders資料夾下多了個 xicidaili.py 檔案（這就是爬蟲檔案）
3.編寫items.py
根據我們的需求編寫
代理ip最主要是ip、埠和型別（http或https）
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class XiciItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() ip = scrapy.Field() port = scrapy.Field() types = scrapy.Field()
4.編寫xicidaili.py
具體爬蟲操作就在這個檔案裡實現
xicidaili.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from xici.items import XiciItem
class XicidailiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'xicidaili'
allowed_domains = ['xicidaili.com']
#把http://xicidaili.com/地址改為我們需要爬去的具體地址
start_urls = ['https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/']
def parse(self, response):
#我們發現ip都是在table標籤裡，那我們就用xpath選擇table元素
lis = response.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]')
#抓取table下的tr,一個tr就一個ip，埠，型別
trs = lis[0].xpath('tr')
items = []
#除掉第一行
for ip in trs[1:]:
item = XiciItem()
#抓取每一行具體的內容
# //*[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]
item["ip"] = ip.xpath('td[2]/text()')[0].extract()
# //*[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[2]/td[3]
item["port"] = ip.xpath('td[3]/text()')[0].extract()
# //*[@id="ip_list"]/tbody/tr[2]/td[6]
item["types"] = ip.xpath('td[6]/text()').extract()
#加入到陣列
items.append(item)
#返回給items.py
return items
5.編寫pipelines.py
pipelines檔案是對資料進行持久化儲存的
MySQLdb不支援python3,所以我要用pymysql代替
沒有pymysql需要用pip下載，資料庫表也要自己建
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymysql
class XiciPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.client = pymysql.connect(
host='127.0.0.1',
port=3306,
user='root',# 使用自己的使用者名稱
passwd='root',# 使用自己的密碼
db='test',# 資料庫名
charset='utf8'
)
# 拿到遊標
self.cur = self.client.cursor()
def process_item(self, item, spider):
#mysql防止sql注入
sql = ("insert into proxyip(ip,port,types) values (%s,%s,%s)")
lis = (item['ip'], item['port'], item['types'])
try:
self.cur.execute(sql, lis)
# 向資料庫提交
self.client.commit()
except Exception as e:
print("Insert error:", e)
#關閉
self.cur.close()
return item
6.編寫middlewares.py
middlewares.py中設定使用者代理中介軟體
對爬蟲進行偽裝，偽裝成人工操作，否則網站會監測出你是爬蟲，並攔截你
在middlewares.py檔案中加入以下程式碼：
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
import random
#設定代理ip
class MyProxyMiddleware(object):
'''
設定Proxy
'''
def __init__(self, ip):
self.ip = ip
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(ip=crawler.settings.get('PROXIES'))
def process_request(self, request, spider):
ip = random.choice(self.ip)
request.meta['proxy'] = ip
class MyUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
'''
設定User-Agent
'''
def __init__(self, user_agent):
self.user_agent = user_agent
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(
user_agent=crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENTS_LIST')
)
def process_request(self, request, spider):
agent = random.choice(self.user_agent)
request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent
7.編寫settings.py
我們剛才編寫的middlewares.py和pipelines.py都要在settings.py檔案裡面進行配置，設定優先順序等等。
(一定要記得，否則你寫的資料持久化儲存和爬蟲偽裝是沒有生效的，記得把ROBOTSTXT_OBEY改為False)
修改settings.py檔案程式碼如下：
BOT_NAME = 'xici'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['xici.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'xici.spiders'
#對middlewares編寫的進行配置
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'xici.middlewares.MyProxyMiddleware': 543,
'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
'xici.middlewares.MyUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}
#配置pipelines.py
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'xici.pipelines.XiciPipeline': 300
}
#代理的ip
#你看到此篇文章的時候，ip已經沒用了，你可以在西刺網站上拿一個試
PROXIES = ['http://192.168.42.249:808']
#user_agent
USER_AGENTS_LIST = [
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
]
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'xici (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
#要設定ROBOTSTXT_OBEY改為False
#如果為True，則遵守robots協議（爬蟲協議）
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
8.執行爬蟲
進入專案裡面，列出爬蟲
scrapy list
scrapy crawl xicidaili
成功爬取
9.問題注意
1.在執行的時候，可能會卡住，原因是上面用的代理ip已經過期，需要另外找，
或者你可以把ip代理部分去掉，上面示例不用代理ip也能爬取，
找ip代理也是因為你頻繁的訪問，它是禁止了你的ip，沒有也可以不用！
2.網站內的html標籤有所改變，我上面xpath已經沒辦法找到我們想要的內容了，需要修改以下xpath